| Virginia
(Powhatan) |
Mattaponi
and Pamunkey Indian Reservations - Virginia's Hidden Heritage
When envisioning an Indian Reservation, your mind immediately turns
westward. However, there are Indian Reservations much closer to home,
right here in Virginia. Two such reservations lie virtually hidden from
existence less than an hour away from Richmond. The Pamunkey Reservation,
located in King William, Virginia and the Mattaponi Reservation, located
in West Point, Virginia are small monuments to the once thriving tribes
which were represented in the great Powhattan Confederacy that dates
back as far as 1600 AD.
http://www.virginiawind.com/virginia_travel/indian.asp
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Matter of
Perspective: Virginia's Indian Trib…
As of the 1990 census, there were 16,391 Native
Americans currently residing in Virginia. Some are members of Virginia's
recognized tribes. Representatives from tribes all over the United States
now consider Virginia home.
http://www.vmnh.org/native.htm
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Nansemond
At the time of the Jamestown Settlement in
1607 the Nansemond tribe was located in the general area of Reeds Ferry,
near Chuckatuck, in the current city of Suffolk, Virginia.
http://www.nansemond.nativeland.com/
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Pamunkey
The Pamunkey nation are one of eleven Virginia Indian tribes recognized
by the Commonwealth of Virginia. The historical tribe was part of the
Powhatan paramountcy, made up of Algonquian-speaking tribes. The Powhatan
paramount chiefdom was made up over 30 tribes, estimated to total about
10,000-15,000 people at the time the English arrived in 1607. The Pamunkey
tribe made up approximately one-tenth to one-fifteenth of the total,
as they numbered about 1,000 persons in 1607.When the English arrived,
the Pamunkey were one of the most powerful groups of the Powhatan chiefdom.
They inhabited the coastal tidewater of Virginia on the north side of
the James River near Chesapeake Bay.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamunkey
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Virginia Council
on Indians Homepage
March, 1982, the House of Delegates, the Senate
concurring, created a subcommittee consisting of eleven members to undertake
a comprehensive study of the historic dealings and relationship between
the Commonwealth of Virginia and the Virginia Indian Tribes. The joint
subcommittee report, resulted in the formation of the "Commission
on Indians".
http://indians.vipnet.org/
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| Wampanoag |
Wampanoag
Indians
The Wampanoag Indians lived in what is now known as Massachusetts and
Rhode Island in the early part of the 17th century. The name means “easterners”
and at one point, their population was 12,000. Among the more famous
Wampanoag chiefs were Squanto, Samoset, Metacomet, and Massasoit.
http://www.indians.org/articles/wampanoag-indians.html
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Massachusetts
Indian language
In 1634, William Woods' book New England's Prospect
was published. He had visited Massachusetts for several years. What
follows is a reprint of the last portion of his book--a list of the
words he picked up from the Native Americans living in Massachusetts.
http://members.aol.com/calebj/language.html
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Wampanoag Tribe
of Gay Head Aquinnah:
The ancestors of Wampanoag people have
lived for at least 10,000 years at Aquinnah (Gay Head) and throughout
the island of Noepe (Martha's Vineyard), pursuing a traditional economy
based on fishing and agriculture.
http://www.wampanoagtribe.net/
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| Warm
Springs |
Warm Springs Reservation
Welcome to Warm Springs, a nation where the
sun shines most every day and time turns to the pace of a culture that
has been thousands of years in the making.
http://www.warmsprings.com/
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| Washoe |
Washoe
Tribe of Nevada and California
The Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California
is a federally recognized Indian Tribe organized pursuant to the Indian
Reorganization Act of June 18, 1934, as amended. The Tribe has four
communities, three in Nevada (Stewart, Carson, and Dresslerville), and
one in California (Woodfords). There is also a Washoe community located
within the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony. The Tribe has jurisdiction over
trust allotments in both Nevada and California, with additional Tribal
Trust parcels located in Alpine, Placer, Sierra, Douglas, Carson, and
Washoe Counties.
http://www.washoetribe.us/home.html
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The
Washo Project
The Washo language (also Washoe) is an endangered Native American language
isolate spoken by the Washo on the California–Nevada border in
the drainages of the Truckee and Carson Rivers, especially around Lake
Tahoe. While there are very few speakers of Washo today (only 10 according
to some; 252 according to the 2000 US Census), there are Washo-language
programs aimed at increasing the number of proficient speakers.Washo
belongs to the Great Basin culture area and is the only non-Numic group
of that area. The language has borrowed from the neighboring Uto-Aztecan,
Maiduan and Miwokan languages and is connected to both the Great Basin
and California sprachbunds.
http://washo.uchicago.edu/
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Speaking
the language of the land
As the sun rose over Lake Tahoe, a line of
children held hands and prayed to the lake in their native tongue, Washoe.
The sunlight glowed on the water and splashed bright color on their
faces where they stood looking out over the water.
http://www.greatbasinweb.com/millennium/washoe.html
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| Winnebago |
See
Ho-Chunk/Winnebago
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| WinTU |
Native
Americans Around Mt. Shasta - Wintu
The Wintu are the northern most group of the
Wintun people that inhabit a long narrow stretch of the western Sacramento
Valley north of the San Francisco bay to the Trinity/Sacramento/McCloud
rivers (Lapena 324). Other names associated with the Wintu have included:
Wintun, Wintoons, Kenesti, Patawe and Northern Wintun (Brandt and Davis-Kimball
xviii).
http://www.siskiyous.edu/shasta/nat/win.htm
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The
Wintu Share Their Cottonwood Valley
The so called Cottonwood Indians had existed
for hundreds of years in this area prior to the coming of the Europeans.
At the time of the arrival of the whites, the indigenous peoples had
fairly definite areas of habitation, with the Yana (Nosa-Nozi) occupying
the area east of the Sacramento River, and three general Wintun peoples
occupying the area west of the river and into the foothills. Frémont
named what we now know as Battle Creek "Nozi Creek" after
these Yana people. Less observant whites frequently lumped them all
together with the unfriendly epithet "Diggers."
http://mclane65.tripod.com/native/wintun.html
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| Wyandot |
Huron - Wendat of Wendake
Bienvenue sur le site officiel du Regroupement
des familles wendat. Survolez-le afin de mieux connaître la Nation
Huronne-Wendat et son dévloppement.
http://www.wendake.ca/
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Wyandot Nation of Kansas
The Wyandot Nation of Kansas is proud to
be a member of the Wendat Confederacy.
http://www.wyandot.org/
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| GENERAL
NATIVE AMERICAN LANGUAGE INFORMATION: |
Activities for ESL Students
This web site has over 1,000 activities
to help you study English as a Second Language. This project of The
Internet TESL Journal includes contributions by many teachers.
http://www.a4esl.org/
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American
Indian Language Policy and School Success
This article looks from a historical perspective at what impact the
implementation of the American Indian Languages Act might have on Indian
education.
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/BOISE.html
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Dave's ESL Cafe
First introduced in 1995, this well-known website, designed and maintained
by Dave Sperling, is a meeting place for both ESL teachers and students.
This friendly site provides numerous resources for instruction, activities
and games, specific teaching tips, as well as opportunities for ESL
teachers and ESL students to interact with their peers through chats
and discussion groups.
http://www.eslcafe.com/
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Directory
of ESL Resources Online
The National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education
and the ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics, with funding
from the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Bilingual Education
and Minority Languages Affairs (OBEMLA) and Office of Educational Research
and Improvement (OERI), have created this online directory of ESL resources.
http://www.cal.org/ericcll/ncbe/esldirectory/
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Ethnologue:Americas
Languages
United States of America. 261,000,000 (1994 US Census Bureau); 1,900,000
American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts, not all speaking indigenous languages
(1990 census).
http://www.sil.org/ethnologue/countries/USA.html
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Foundation For Endangered
Languages
The aims of the Foundation are: to raise
awareness of endangered languages, both inside and outside the communities
where they are spoken, through all channels and media; ...
http://www.ogmios.org/
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Indigenous
Language Institute
The Indigenous Language Institute (ILI) facilitates innovative and successful
community-based initiatives for language revitalization through collaboration
with other appropriate groups, organizations, and individuals. The organization
also promotes public awareness of the importance of preserving indigenous
languages. The guiding philosophy behind ILI is to help create speakers
of endangered indigenous languages while we still have speakers left.
http://www.cal.org/heritage/profiles/programs/Indigenous_Language_Institute.html
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Language
List
Linguistic Classificationof American Indians
http://users.cybercity.dk/~nmb3879/indian.html
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Lannan
Foundation Language Grants
Lannan has supported several local efforts
toward the revitalization and preservation of Native languages. These
projects are located throughout the United States, and involve a number
of different languages including Blackfoot, Mohawk, Hawaiian, and Washo.
http://www.lannan.org/ICP/grant/language.htm
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Learn English-Have
Fun
Learn english and have fun on this site!
Do you want to learn English? Do you want to have fun?
If your answer is "Yes", then you are at the right place for
ESL practice.
Here you can find English games to give you fun practice, English crosswords
to help you remember all those new words, ESL tests to practise vocabulary
and grammar, and great English jokes so you can laugh while you learn.
Make every day an English day
http://www.englishday.com/
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Learning
an Endangered Language
Some ways you can learn more about
an endangered language, investigate languages indigenous to your own
locality, take a course in an endangered language, buy a recording of
an endangered language, read a grammar of an endangered language.
http://sapir.ling.yale.edu/~elf/study.html
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Native
American Languages Act 1990
To establish as the policy of the United States the preservation, protection,
and promotion of the rights of Native Americans to use, practice and
develop Native American languages, to take steps to foster such use,
practice and development, and for other purposes.
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/101/hr5518
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Native
Languages Page
Links to many Native American languages.
http://www.nativeculturelinks.com/natlang.html
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North Amerindian
Languages
Numbers in North Amerindian Languages
http://www.zompist.com/amer.htm
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Resources for
Endangered
Languages
This site is for members and friends of
endangered language communities, with an emphasis on Native American
languages
http://www.nativelanguages.org/
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Saving
Our Tongues
Tony Mattina wishes we'd pay as much attention to saving Native American
languages as we do to preserving plant and animal species like the spotted
owl.
http://www.umt.edu/comm/wint96/tongues.htm
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Stabilizing
Indigenous Languages
Stabilizing Indigenous Languages includes
descriptions of successful native language programs and papers by leaders
in the field of indigenous language study.
http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/files/rcd/BE020488/Stabilizing_Indigenous_Languages.pdf
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Teaching
Indigenous Languages Home Page
Teaching Indigenous Languages-Educators Resources
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/TIL.html
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"the
People's Paths home page!" First People's Language
First People's Language Resources!
http://www.yvwiiusdinvnohii.net/language.html
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UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA
Languages of the United States of America
http://www.ethnologue.com/country/US
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